2015. október 3., szombat

Top 10*20 Business Words A-C


CV/résumé

1 background n. the whole of one's education, training and experience
2 bi-lingual adj. able to use two languages with equal ease - see FLUENT
3 career n. the course of one's (professional) life
4 challenge n. a difficult or demanding task that needs special effort - challenging adj.
5 cover letter n. a letter that is sent with one's CV; letter of application
6 date of birth n. the day on which one was born, usually as day/month/year [eg: 05/11/76]
7 education n. training and instruction at school, university etc - to educate v.
8 experience n. jobs held, including dates, posts etc; work history - professional experience
9 fluent adj. able to speak and write a foreign language easily - see BI-LINGUAL
10 graphology n. study of handwriting as a guide to the character of the writer - graphologist n.
11 interest n. an activity outside work in which one is interested or concerned; hobby
12 job objective n. the kind of work or challenge that one is looking for
13 miscellaneous adj. various; mixed [eg: nationality, languages spoken, marital status]
14 nationality n. the status of belonging to a particular country [eg: Japanese nationality]
15 native language n. the language one first learned to speak; mother tongue
16 qualifications n. the education and experience that make one suitable for a particular job
17 reference n. a written statement by another person about one's character and ability
18 skill n. an ability, expertness or aptitude in a particular activity [eg: language skill]
19 training n. the process of learning a particular SKILL [eg: sales training]
20 work history n. jobs held, inc. dates, posts etc; EXPERIENCE

Employment

1 bonus n. additional pay given to employee as incentive or reward
2 curriculum vitae UK n. short account of one’s education, career etc; CV UK; résumé US; resume US
3 dismiss v. to remove or discharge from employment; to sack [colloq.]; to fire US
4 employer n. person or firm who employs people - employee n. person employed
5 fire US v. [colloq.] to dismiss
6 interview v. an oral examination of an applicant for a job - also v.
7 make redundant UK v. [made, made] to dismiss because of not being needed – redundancy UK n.
8 maternity leave n. period of absence from work (for a woman) when having a baby
9 notice n. advance warning of intention to resign - to give or tender one’s notice v.
10 perk abbr. perquisite; something additional to regular salary [eg: free meals; a car]
11 personnel n. the people who work for a firm
12 personnel officer n. manager responsible for recruitment, training and welfare of personnel
13 promotion n. advancement in rank or position - to promote v.
14 prospects n. opportunity for success, promotion etc
15 recruit n. to look for and employ personnel - recruitment n.
16 resign v. to give up a job - letter of resignation n.
17 retire v. to leave employment, esp. because of age - retirement n.
18 salary n. a fixed, regular payment, usually monthly, made by employer to employee
19 staff n. the people who work for a firm or a particular department; employees
20 take on v. [took, taken] to employ; to hire

Banking

1 balance n. the difference between credits and debits in an account
2 bank charges n. money paid to a bank for the bank’s services etc
3 branch n. local office or bureau of a bank
4 checkbook US n. book containing detachable checks; chequebook UK
5 check US n. written order to a bank to pay the stated sum from one’s account; cheque UK
6 credit n. money in a bank a/c; sum added to a bank a/c; money lent by a bank – also v.
7 credit card n. (plastic) card from a bank authorising the purchasing of goods on credit
8 current account n. bank a/c from which money may be drawn at any time; checking account US
9 debit n. a sum deducted from a bank account, as for a cheque - also v.
10 deposit account n. bank a/c on which interest is paid; savings accountUS
11 fill in UK v. to add written information to a document to make it complete; to fill out US
12 interest n. money paid for the use of money lent - interest rate n.
13 loan n. money lent by a bank etc and that must be repaid with interest - also v.
14 overdraft n. deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is paid in
15 pay in v. [paid, paid] to deposit or put money in to a bank account
16 payee n. person to whom money is paid
17 paying-in slip n. small document recording money that you pay in to a bank account
18 standing order n. an instruction to a bank to make regular payments
19 statement n. a record of transactions in a bank account
20 withdraw v. [-drew, -drawn] to take money out of a bank account - withdrawal n.

Abbreviations

The rule for punctuation of abbreviations is: if last letter of word and abbreviation are the same: no full stop (for example Ltd) if last letter of word and abbreviation are NOT the same: full stop (for example Co.)

1 A.G.M. Annual General Meeting (of company shareholders)
2 A.O.B. any other business (at the end of a meeting agenda)
3 a/c account, as for bank account [eg: a/c no. 123456789]
4 c.i.f. cost, insurance, freight
5 c/o care of [on an envelope eg: Mrs G Smith, c/o Mrs B Brown]
6 cc: copies to [at the end of a letter eg: cc: TE, JMR, JSA]
7 Co. Company
8 e.g. for example [from the Latin exempli gratia]
9 E.G.M. Extraordinary General Meeting (of company shareholders)
10 f.o.b. free on board
11 f.o.c. free of charge
12 HQ headquarters (of a company or other organisation)
13 Inc. US Incorporated [after the name of a firm organised as a legal corporation]
14 Ltd UK Limited [after the name of a firm organised as a legal company]
15 O.H.P. overhead projector
16 P.A. personal assistant
17 PLC UK Public Limited Company [for a firm whose shares are sold on the open market]
18 p.t.o. please turn over [at the end of a page]
19 v.a.t. value added tax
20 WP word processing (or creation of text by computer)

Advertising

1 ad abbr. advertisement - advert abbr.
2 advertisement n. item of publicity for a product or service, in magazine, on TV etc
3 advertising agency n. company specialising in producing and placing advertisements for clients
4 AIDA abbr. Attention, Interest, Desire, Action - the objective of all advertisements
5 benefit n. advantage of a product or service, usually derived from its features
6 billboard US n. signboard, usually outdoors, for advertising posters; hoarding UK
7 circulation n. average number of copies of a magazine sold in a particular period
8 classified ads n. small advertisements in magazine or newspaper categorised by subject
9 commercial n. paid advertisement on radio or TV
10 coupon n. part of a printed advertisement used for ordering goods, samples etc
11 double-page spread n. advertisement printed across 2 pages in a magazine or newspaper
12 eye-catcher US n. something that especially attracts one’s attention - eye-catching adj.
13 features n. special characteristics of a product, usually leading to certain benefits
14 hoarding UK n. signboard, usually outdoors, for advertising posters; billboard US
15 poster n. large sheet of paper, usually illustrated, used as advertisement
16 prime time n. hours on radio & TV with largest audience, esp. the evening hours
17 promote v. to (try to) increase sales of a product by publicising and advertising it
18 slot n. specific time in a broadcasting schedule, when a commercial may be shown
19 target n. objective; what one is aiming at - target audience n.
20 U.S.P. abbr. Unique Selling Proposition; what makes a product different from others

Air Travel

1 aisle n. corridor in aeroplane between the seats [there are usually one or two]
2 baggage claim n. place where passengers go to find their luggage (cases etc) at the end of a flight
3 board v. to get on or enter an aeroplane - on board adv.
4 boarding pass n. special ticket showing that passenger has checked in and may board plane
5 check in v. to register for a flight, inc. checking of tickets, passports, luggage etc - also n.
6 confirmation n. passenger’s telephone validation of return reservation; reconfirmation
7 departures board n. large display in airport showing times, destinations etc of departing flights
8 domestic adj. national, not international [a domestic flight is entirely within one country]
9 duty free adj. [of products: cigarettes, perfume etc] not taxable; exempt from customs taxes
10 excess baggage n. luggage that is more than the permitted or allowed weight
11 flight n. an aeroplane scheduled to fly a certain route at a certain time
12 gate n. the point in an airport at which a particular flight arrives and departs
13 hand luggage n. light bags, briefcases etc that may be carried on board by passengers
14 IATA abbr. International Air Transport Association
15 immigration officer n. government official responsible for checking passengers’ passports
16 jet lag n. extreme tiredness etc after a long flight between extreme time zones
17 runway n. the strip on which planes land and take off
18 stopover n. a break for a day or two on an international flight
19 ticket n. receipt for transportation etc. An air ticket has one coupon for each journey
20 transit n. A transit passenger is one stopping at an airport that is not his destination
+ depature lounge, arrival hall, baggage reclaim, destination, customs, to declare

Company structure

1 Accounts Dept. n. department responsible for administering a company’s financial affairs
2 A.G.M. UK abbr. Annual General Meeting of a company’s shareholders
3 board of directors n. a group of people chosen to establish policy for and direct or control a company
4 chairman UK n. person who heads a Board of Directors; head of a company; chairperson
5 director n. a member of the board of directors
6 executive officer US n. person who manages the affairs of a corporation - chief executive officer n.
7 headquarters n. a company’s principal or main office or centre of control
8 manager n. person responsible for day-to-day running of a dept.; executive officer US
9 managing director UK n. senior director after the chairman responsible for day-to-day direction
10 Marketing Dept. n. dept. responsible for putting goods on market, inc. packaging, advertising etc
11 organisation chart n. a table or plan showing a company’s structure graphically
12 Personnel Dept. n. department responsible for recruitment and welfare of staff or employees
13 president US n. the highest executive officer of a company; head of a company
14 Production Dept. n. department responsible for physical creation of product
15 Purchasing Dept. n. department responsible for finding and buying everything needed by a company
16 R & D Department n. department responsible for Research and Development of (new) products
17 reception n. the place where visitors and clients report on arrival at a company
18 Sales Department n. department responsible for finding customers and making sales
19 shareholder n. person who holds or owns shares in or a part of a company or corporation
20 vice president US n. any of several executive officers, each responsible for a separate division

Computers

1 application n. a program dedicated to a specific task [eg: word processing, graphics etc]
2 bit n. binary digit, the basic binary unit for storing data, either 0 or 1 - see byte
3 buffer n. an area in memory used for temporary storage [eg: rapid input from keyboard]
4 byte n. 8 bits - kilobyte (approx. 1,000 bytes), megabyte (1 million), gigabyte (1 billion)
5 Email n. electronic mail; system of sending messages through the internet; e-mail
6 floppy disk n. small, removable magnetic disc for (permanent) storing of data; diskette
7 hard disk n. fixed, magnetic disc inside a PC for (permanent) storing of data
8 hardware n. the mechanical and electronic parts of a computer, not the software
9 input n. data entered into a computer (by keyboard, floppy disk etc) - also v.
10 keyboard n. the alphanumeric keys or buttons used to input data [QWERTY = 1st 5 keys]
11 memory n. part of a computer for (temporary) storing of data - see ram
12 modem n. device that converts data to a form that can be transmitted by telephone etc
13 operating system n. software that communicates with hardware, enabling applications to run
14 output n. data delivered by a computer (by printer, screen etc) - also v.
15 peripheral n. equipment linked to a computer [eg: printer, scanner, modem, mouse etc]
16 program n. software that contains coded instructions to control a computer - also v.
17 RAM abbr. random access memory [it goes away when one switches off]
18 screen n. the surface area of the visual display unit on which the image is formed
19 software n. the programs, routines etc for a computer, not the hardware
20 WYSIWYG abbr. What You See Is What You Get [data prints out exactly as on the screen]

Contracts

1 agreement n. an arrangement between two or more people, countries etc; contract
2 appendix n. additional or supplementary material at end of contract, book etc
3 arbitration n. settlement of a dispute by a person chosen by both parties - to arbitrate v.
4 article n. a particular statement or stipulation in a contract etc; clause
5 clause n. a particular statement or stipulation in a contract etc; article
6 condition n. anything necessary before the performance of something else
7 force majeure n. superior, power; unforeseeable event excusing one party from fulfilling contract
8 fulfil v: to satisfy a condition; to complete the required task; to fulfillUS
9 herein adv: in here; in this (document etc)
10 hereinafter adv: in the following part (of this document etc)
11 hereto adv: to this (document etc) [eg: attached hereto]
12 heretofore adv: up until now; until the present; before this
13 in behalf of in the interests of (person etc); for (person etc); on behalf of UK
14 null and void invalid; without legal force; not binding
15 on the one hand on one side - on the other hand on the other side
16 party n. the person or persons forming one side of an agreement
17 stipulate v. to specify as an essential condition - stipulation n.
18 terms n. conditions or stipulations
19 warrant v. to give formal assurance; to guarantee
20 whereas conj: it being the case that; in view of the fact that [in introduction to contracts]

Correspondence

1 address n. the place to which a letter is to be sent
2 Best regards friendly close to a letter - Kind regards, Best wishes
3 Dear first word of most SALUTATIONS, formal or not [eg: Dear Sir, Dear Mr Won, Dear Jo]
4 Dear Madam formal SALUTATION to an unnamed woman
5 Dear Sir formal SALUTATION to an unnamed man
6 Dear Sirs UK SALUTATION when writing to a firm and not to any particular individual in the firm
7 dictate v. to say or read aloud words to be written down - dictation n.
8 enc. abbr. enclosure; enclosed [indicating something that is included with a letter]
9 Gentlemen US SALUTATION when writing to a firm and not to any particular individual in the firm
10 letterhead n. a sheet of letter paper printed with a person or firm’s (name and) address
11 Mr Ms Mrs Miss abbr. of title for man, woman (married or not), married woman, unmarried woman
12 p.s. abbr. postscript [used to indicate a note added at the very end of a letter]
13 per pro abbr. through the agency of; p.p. [eg: A per pro B (where B is signing for A)]
14 registered mail n. a secure postal service for important or valuable letters or packages
15 salutation n. opening or first line of a letter, usually commencing with 'Dear...'
16 shorthand n. a system of speed writing, esp. when taking dictation
17 sign v. to write one’s name at the end of a document - signature n.
18 Yours faithfully UK polite close to a letter not naming the recipient as in Dear Sir; Yours truly US
19 Yours sincerely UK polite close to a letter naming the recipient as in Dear Mr Smith; Yours truly US
20 Yours truly US polite close to a letter; Sincerely yours US

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